{"id":32528,"date":"2024-07-21T10:22:06","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T15:22:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/?p=32528"},"modified":"2024-07-21T10:31:13","modified_gmt":"2024-07-21T15:31:13","slug":"the-spanish-civil-war-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/?p=32528","title":{"rendered":"The Spanish Civil War (part II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"ed-note\">[ed. note: The Spanish Civil War is an incredibly complex historical event, and a worthy subject for scholarly research. Our goal here is highlight the similarities between the events leading up to the war, the war itself, and the ensuing dictatorship, then reflect on the current political situation in America. We are not scholars, but promise to portray as accurately as possible our findings.]<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among other sources, we relied on George Levrier-Jones&#8217; concise history: <strong>Spanish Civil War &#8211; History of a Battle for Europe\u2019s Soul \u2013 Spain\u2019s Great War<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Little Background<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Second Republic began in 1931 following a lot of turmoil and goofy power-sharing schemes. There was an ebb and flow of coalitions, but the reformist Republicans took power and instituted many new laws, but deep divisions in the country prevented actual implementation. There were many extreme factions on both sides. The Republicans had centrists, but also communists, socialists, and anarchists, with different agendas and timetables. This greatly weakened the coalition government, and opened the door to the parasitic Nationalist opportunists to stage a coup attempt and civil war in 1936.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was the classic battle: One side wanted to preserve the traditional way of doing things (the Nationalists), the other side wanted reform (the Republicans).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:42% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nprop.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32564 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nprop.jpg 544w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nprop-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>&#8220;traditional way&#8221;<\/strong> meant protecting the wealth, land, and privilege of the powerful, allowing the Catholic Church to control the public education system, a return to a monarchy, and weakened unions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The side advocating for reform wanted secular schools, labor reform, suffrage for women, a democracy (rather than a monarchy), social progress, and a restrained military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s look at the Catholic Church&#8217;s influence in public education and the parallels between these two situations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Catholic Church&#8217;s control of education in Spain prior to the Spanish Civil War<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">The current situation in America, with the Republican support of home schooling and charter schools and the backing of Christo-nationalists and other pseudo-Christian sects. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Spain&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>By the early 20th century, around 60-70% of the primary schools in Spain were operated by the Catholic Church.<\/strong> This control extended not only to primary education but also to secondary education and universities. The Church&#8217;s extensive involvement in education meant that a substantial proportion of Spanish children received their education in Catholic institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The government&#8217;s efforts to secularize education during the <strong>Second Spanish Republic<\/strong> aimed to reduce this percentage by promoting public, secular schools. However, the exact figures might vary depending on the region and specific local circumstances. The struggle over control of education was a central issue in the broader conflict between conservative and progressive forces in Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Conservatives and right-wing factions in Spain supported the Church&#8217;s involvement in education, viewing it as a means to maintain traditional values and social order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Liberals, socialists, and other left-wing groups opposed the Church&#8217;s control over education. They saw it as an impediment to modernization, secularism, and social progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">After the Nationalists&#8217; victory, Franco&#8217;s regime restored the Catholic Church&#8217;s influence over education. Religious education once again became a central part of the curriculum in Spanish schools.<\/p>\n<cite>Elder G<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Who did Jesus condemn, time after time? <strong><em>Hypocrites<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"707\" data-id=\"32535\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001-1024x603.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0001-768x452.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" data-id=\"32530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0005.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0005-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0005-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0002.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"735\" height=\"814\" data-id=\"32532\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0002.jpg 735w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0002-271x300.jpg 271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0003.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"575\" data-id=\"32534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0003.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0003.jpg 460w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0003-240x300.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0004.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"792\" data-id=\"32536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0004.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0004.jpg 564w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0004-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"821\" height=\"1280\" data-id=\"32533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006.jpg 821w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006-657x1024.jpg 657w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0006-768x1197.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0007.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"354\" data-id=\"32531\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0007.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0007.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0007-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"919\" data-id=\"32537\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fChurch_0008-1200x862.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Vatican <\/strong>recognized Francisco Franco&#8217;s regime in Spain on <strong>August 3, 1937<\/strong>. This recognition came relatively early, even before the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939.<\/p>\n<cite>Elder G<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hypocrites, continued&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"810\" data-id=\"32547\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0010-768x518.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0011.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" data-id=\"32546\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0011.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0011.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0011-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"32548\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0002-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1160\" height=\"742\" data-id=\"32545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0003-768x491.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1566\" height=\"880\" data-id=\"32550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005.jpg 1566w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0005-1200x674.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1566px) 100vw, 1566px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0004.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"455\" data-id=\"32544\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0004.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0004.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0004-300x228.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1125\" height=\"970\" data-id=\"32552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006.jpg 1125w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006-1024x883.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0006-768x662.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"32549\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0007-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1908\" height=\"1146\" data-id=\"32551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008.jpg 1908w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008-1024x615.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008-1536x923.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tChurch_0008-1200x721.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1908px) 100vw, 1908px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32556\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0005-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32557\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0009-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32558\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015.jpg 1792w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0015-1200x686.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zschool2_0004-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32561\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0017-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32562\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016.jpg 1792w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/school_0016-1200x686.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Trail of Queens: Joanna the Mad (Juana la Loca)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are following the trail of Queens, beginning in 1492, that ultimately led up to the time of the Spanish Civil War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What queen followed Isabella I of Castile?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After Queen Isabella I of Castile, her daughter <strong>Joanna<\/strong>, known as Joanna the Mad (Juana la Loca), followed her as the Queen of Castile. Joanna became queen in <strong>1504<\/strong> after Isabella&#8217;s death, although her mental health issues led to her son, Charles I (also known as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), effectively taking over the governance and eventually becoming the king in his own right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0011.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"832\" data-id=\"32566\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0011.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0011.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0011-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0011-768x624.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Joanna <\/strong>(6 November 1479 \u2013 12 April 1555), historically known as Joanna the Mad (Spanish: <em><strong>Juana la Loca<\/strong><\/em>), was the nominal queen of Castile from <strong>1504<\/strong> and queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in <strong>1555<\/strong>. She was the daughter of <strong>Queen Isabella I of Castile<\/strong> and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Joanna was married by arrangement to the Austrian archduke <strong>Philip the Handsome<\/strong> on 20 October 1496. Following the deaths of her elder brother John, elder sister Isabella, and nephew Miguel between 1497 and 1500, Joanna became the heir presumptive to the crowns of Castile and Aragon. When her mother died in 1504, she became queen of Castile. Her father proclaimed himself governor and administrator of Castile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0013.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0013.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0013.jpg 675w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0013-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32571\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0012.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32571\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0012.jpg 642w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0012-188x300.jpg 188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0010.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32569\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0010.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0010.jpg 869w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0010-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0010-768x905.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joanna_of_Castile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>The marriage contract of Joanna and Philip (1496). Quite the pre-nup. I wonder if it spells out who gets control of the thermostat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Huwelijkscontract.Filips_de_Schone_en_Johanna_van_Castilie.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"566\" data-id=\"32573\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Huwelijkscontract.Filips_de_Schone_en_Johanna_van_Castilie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Huwelijkscontract.Filips_de_Schone_en_Johanna_van_Castilie.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Huwelijkscontract.Filips_de_Schone_en_Johanna_van_Castilie-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Huwelijkscontract.Filips_de_Schone_en_Johanna_van_Castilie-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Johanna and Philip<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Joanna <\/strong>was educated and formally trained for a significant marriage that, as a royal family alliance, would extend the kingdom&#8217;s power and security as well as its influence and peaceful relations with other ruling powers. As an Infanta (princess), she was not expected to be heiress to the throne of either Castile or Aragon, although through deaths she later inherited both thrones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Joanna&#8217;s academic education consisted of canon and civil law, genealogy and heraldry, grammar, history, languages, mathematics, philosophy, reading, spelling and writing.\u200a Among the authors of classical literature she read were the Christian poets Juvencus and Prudentius, Church fathers Saint Ambrose, Saint Augustine, Saint Gregory, and Saint Jerome, and the Roman statesman Seneca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0003.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32594\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0003.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0003.jpg 723w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0003-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0001.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"609\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32593\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0001.jpg 609w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0001-178x300.jpg 178w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In 1496, <strong>16-year-old Joanna<\/strong> was betrothed to <strong>18-year-old Philip of Austria<\/strong>, in the Low Countries. Philip&#8217;s parents were Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Duchess Mary of Burgundy. The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trast\u00e1maras designed to strengthen both against growing French power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0014.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" data-id=\"32575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0014.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0014.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0014-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0014-768x524.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Joanna the Mad Holding Vigil over the Coffin of Her Late Husband, Philip the Handsome. Juana la Loca de Pradilla by Francisco Pradilla Ortiz, 1877.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>As a young woman, Joanna was known to be highly intelligent. Claims regarding her as &#8220;mad&#8221; are widely disputed. <\/strong>It was only after her marriage that the first suspicions of mental illness arose. Some historians believe she may have had melancholia, a depressive disorder, a psychosis, or a case of inherited schizophrenia.\u200a She may also have been unjustly painted as &#8220;mad&#8221; as her husband <em>Philip the Handsome and her father, Ferdinand, had a great deal to gain from Joanna being declared sick or incompetent to rule.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joanna_of_Castile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Philip the <em>allegedly<\/em> Handsome<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"701\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32578\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0005.jpg 701w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0005-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0015.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32577\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0015.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0015.jpg 648w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0015-190x300.jpg 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Again, Thanks to Ann Foster<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again, thanks to Ann Foster for a fascinating retelling of the life and surrounding events of Juana of Castile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a reminder, Ann is both a <strong>Saskatchewanian<\/strong> and a <strong>Saskatonian<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1203\" height=\"739\" data-id=\"32581\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040.jpg 1203w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0040-1200x737.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1203px) 100vw, 1203px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/yX_-s02E_400x400.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"32580\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/yX_-s02E_400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/yX_-s02E_400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/yX_-s02E_400x400-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/yX_-s02E_400x400-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/annfosterwriter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/x.com\/annfosterwriter<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1241\" height=\"756\" data-id=\"32582\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039.jpg 1241w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039-1024x624.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039-768x468.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/irl_240720_0039-1200x731.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1241px) 100vw, 1241px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Juana of Castile: <a href=\"https:\/\/annfosterwriter.com\/2019\/06\/10\/juana-of-castile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Real Story Of Spain\u2019s Mad Queen<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many depictions of the grief Johanna suffered at the untimely death of Philip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0006.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"854\" data-id=\"32584\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0006.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0006.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0006-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0006-768x641.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Mad Jeanne waiting for the resurrection of Philip the Handsome, her husband<br>1836 &#8211; Painting &#8211; 3.7m x 3.2m<br>Creator: Charles de Steuben 1788 &#8211; 1856<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0018.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"801\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32586\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0018.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0018.jpg 801w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0018-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0018-768x982.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32588\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0008-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0017.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32587\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0017.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0017.jpg 745w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0017-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-14 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0002.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" data-id=\"32590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0002.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0002-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2_0002-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-15 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32591\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0001-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"32592\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/q2a_0002-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ed. note: The Spanish Civil War is an incredibly complex historical event, and a worthy subject for scholarly research. Our goal here is highlight the similarities between the events leading up to the war, the war itself, and the ensuing dictatorship, then reflect on the current political situation in America. We are not scholars, but [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[113,115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-collapse-of-democracy-civilization-etc","category-spain"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32528"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32601,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32528\/revisions\/32601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wlbott.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}